Is the
lay term for the natural or accidental termination of a Pregnancy at a
stage where the fetus is incapable of surviving. The medical term for
it is "ABORTION"; when the abortion is not deliberately induced, it is
termed a "Spontaneous Abortion," so that is a synonym for
"miscarriage." Miscarriage is sadly, a common phenomenon and each year
million of women around the world are affected by
it.
Miscarriages can occur for many reasons, not all of which
can be identified. While miscarriage can result from Physical Trauma,
like exposure to certain chemicals, diseases, or physical blows, they
are rarely the cause. A miscarriage usually results from biological
defects in the mother or genetic defects in the developing
fetus.
10-20% of all pregnancies end up in a miscarriage and
most such terminations occur very early in pregnancy, during the First
Trimester, and many people restrict the term "miscarriage" to
terminations during the Second Trimester. Miscarriages frequently
occur so early that the woman is not even aware that she is pregnant.
Some women are prone to miscarry; the term "habitual abortion"
describes the condition where three consecutive pregnancies have
terminated before 20 weeks gestation.
In the past, a frequently
used synonym for miscarriage, was to say that the mother "lost the
baby". This phrase is not as popular in current times, because there
is less of a cultural stigma on discussing issues related to
reproduction, and because some people feel that it carries the
connotation that the expectant mother was, somehow, at fault for the
miscarriage.
Detection
The most common symptom of a miscarriage is
bleeding; bleeding during pregnancy may be referred to as a threatened
abortion. Of women who seek clinical treatment for bleeding during
pregnancy, about half will go on to have a miscarriage.Symptoms other
than bleeding are not statistically related to miscarriage.Miscarriage
may also be detected during an ultrasound exam, or through serial
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) testing. Women pregnant from
ART methods, and women with a history of
miscarriage, may be monitored closely and so detect a miscarriage
sooner than women without such monitoring.Several medical options
exist for managing documented nonviable pregnancies that have not been
expelled naturally.
Psychological
Aspects
Although a woman physically recovers from a
miscarriage quickly, psychological recovery for parents in general can
take a long time. People differ a lot in this regard: some are 'over
it' after a few months, others take more than a year. Still others may
feel relief or other less negative emotions.
For those who do
go through a process of grief, it is often as if the baby had been
born but died. How short a time the fetus lived in the womb may not
matter for the feeling of loss. From the moment pregnancy is
discovered, the parents can start to bond with the unborn child. When
the child turns out not to be viable, dreams, fantasies and plans for
the future are disturbed roughly.
Besides the feeling of loss,
a lack of understanding by others is often important. People who have
not experienced a miscarriage themselves may find it hard to empathize
with what has occurred and how upsetting it may be. This may lead to
unrealistic expectations of the parents' recovery. The pregnancy and
miscarriage are hardly mentioned anymore in conversation, often too
because the subject is too painful. This can make the woman feel
particularly isolated.
Interaction with pregnant women and
newborn children is often also painful for parents who have
experienced miscarriage. Sometimes this makes interaction with
friends, acquaintances and family very difficult.
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