Reverse Mortgage.....The Ultimate Solution
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Reverse Mortgage.....the ultimate solution

Certified Financial Planner

Reverse Mortgage…..the ultimate solution

Life post retirement under old age can be very difficult and nightmarish without proper financial support. The situation arise due to lack of or improper retirement planning or failed expectations you had from your children regarding taking care of you and your spouse when needed the most. Lots of people don’t have the foresight regarding their future requirements. The rising cost of living, healthcare, other amenities compound the problem significantly. No adequate regular income coupled with reducing capacity to work due to age factor makes life really unbearable and miserable.

A smooth flow of regular income to enjoy and live life better, without putting yourself into the hardships of working, would be a great boon. Who would not like to have it? But how…?

‘Reverse Mortgage’ is the ultimate solution to all the sufferings and could provide a sort of much needed financial independency to the senior citizens who are eligible for this scheme. It is a much better way for supplementing the cash flow stream of senior citizens in order to address their financial needs.

This scheme is being offered by banks and housing finance companies under the guidelines of National Housing Bank (NHB).

The features and operational guidelines of the said scheme is as described below:

REVERSE MORTGAGE LOAN (RML):

Introduction

Senior Citizens are an increasing component of the Indian society and dependency in old age is increasing in the country. While on the one hand, there is significant increase in longevity and low mortality, on the other hand cost of good health care facilities is spiraling and there is little social security. Senior Citizens need a regular cashflow stream for supplementing pension/other income and addressing their financial needs. Secular increase in residential house prices has created considerable “home equity" wealth.

For most Senior Citizens, the house is the largest component of their wealth. Conceptually, Reverse Mortgage seeks to monetize the house as an asset and specifically the owner’s equity in the house. The scheme involves the Senior Citizen borrower(s) mortgaging the house property to a lender, who then makes periodic payments to the borrower(s) during the latter’s lifetime. The Senior Citizen borrower is not required to service the loan during his lifetime and therefore does not make monthly repayments of principal and interest to the lender. On the borrower’s death or on the borrower leaving the house property permanently, the loan is repaid along with accumulated interest, through sale of the house property. The borrower(s)/heir(s) can also repay or prepay the loan with accumulated interest and have the mortgage released without resorting to sale of the property.

1. Reverse Mortgage Loans

Reverse Mortgage Loans (RMLs) are to be extended by Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs) viz. Scheduled Banks and Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) registered with NHB or any other class of institutions as may be notified by Government of India.

2. Eligible Borrowers:

Should be Senior Citizen of India above 60 years of age.

Married couples will be eligible as joint borrowers for financial assistance. In such a case, the age criteria for the couple would be at the discretion of the PLI, subject to at least one of them being above 60 years of age and the other not below 55 years of age.

Should be the owner of a self- acquired, self occupied residential property (house or flat) located in India, with clear title indicating the prospective borrower’s ownership of the property.

The residential property should be free from any encumbrances.

The residual life of the property should be at least 20 years.

The prospective borrowers should use that residential property as permanent primary residence. Permanent primary residence refers to the self acquired, self occupied residential property where a person spends majority of his time. Factors that may be relevant in this regard include the address used for general correspondence, utility bills, bank statements, tax return, bank accounts and banking relations etc. However, all facts and circumstances may be considered for the purpose of determining that the residential property is the permanent primary residence of the borrower.

3. Determination of Eligible Amount of Loan:

The amount of loan will depend on market value of residential property, as assessed by the PLI, age of borrower(s), and prevalent interest rate.

The PLIs will have the discretion to determine the eligible quantum of loan reckoning the ‘no negative equity guarantee’ being provided by the PLI. The methodology adopted for determining the quantum of loan including the detailed tables of calculations, the rate of interest and assumptions (if any), shall be clearly disclosed to the borrower.

The PLIs would ensure that the equity of the borrower in the residential property (Equity to Value Ratio - EVR) does not at any time during the tenor of the loan fall below 10%.

The PLIs will need to re-value the property mortgaged to them at intervals that may be fixed by the PLI depending upon the location of the property, its physical state etc. Such revaluation may be done at least once every five years, the quantum of loan may undergo revisions based on such re-valuation of property at the discretion of the lender.

4. Nature of Payment:

Any or a combination of the following:

  • Periodic payments (monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, annual) to be decided mutually between the PLI and the borrower upfront
  • Lump-sum payments in one or more tranches
  • Committed Line of Credit, with an availability period agreed upon mutually, to be drawn down by the borrower

The maximum monthly payments shall be capped at Rs.50,000/- or such other amount as may be notified by the Government of India.

Lump-sum payments may be conditional and limited to medical exigencies.

The maximum lump-sum payment shall be restricted to 50% of the total eligible amount of loan subject to a cap of Rs.15 lakh or such other amount as may be notified by the Government of India, to be used for medical treatment for self, spouse and dependants, if any. The balance loan amount would be eligible for periodic payments.

The nature of payments will be decided in advance as part of the RML covenants. PLI at their discretion may consider providing for options to the borrower to change. All covenants/ conditions stipulated by the PLIs shall be disclosed to the borrower in advance.

5. Eligible End use of funds

The loan amount can be used for the following purposes:

  • Up gradation, renovation and extension of residential property.
  • For uses associated with home improvement, maintenance/insurance of residential property
  • Medical, emergency expenditure for maintenance of family
  • For supplementing pension/other income
  • Meeting any other genuine need

Use of RML for speculative, trading and business purposes shall not be permitted

6. Period of Loan:

The maximum loan disbursement tenure should not exceed 20 years.

7. Interest Rate:

The interest rate (including the periodic rest) to be charged on the RML to be extended to the borrower(s) may be fixed by PLI in the usual manner based on risk perception, the loan pricing policy etc. and specified to the prospective borrowers. Fixed and floating rate of interest may be offered by the PLIs subject to disclosure of the terms and conditions in a transparent manner, upfront to the borrower.

8. Security:

The RML shall be secured by way of mortgage of residential property, in a suitable form, in favour of PLI.

Commercial property will not be eligible for RML.

9. Valuation of Residential Property:

The residential property should comply with the local residential land-use and building bye laws stipulated by local authorities, with duly approved lay-out and building plans.

The PLI shall determine the Market Value of the residential property through their external approved valuer(s). In-house professional valuers may also be used subject to adequate disclosure of the methodology.

The valuation of the residential property is required to be done at such frequency and intervals as decided by the PLI, which in any case shall be at least once every five years. The methodology of the revaluation process and the frequency/schedule of such revaluations shall be clearly specified to the borrowers upfront.

PLIs are advised not to reckon expected future increase in property value in determining the amount of RML.

10. Taxation:

All payments under RML are exempt from income tax under Section 10(43) of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

11. Provision for Right to Rescission:

As a customer-friendly gesture and in keeping with international best practices, after the documents have been executed and loan transaction finalized, Senior Citizen borrowers may be given up to three business days to cancel the transaction, the “right of rescission”. If the loan amount has been disbursed, the entire loan amount will need to be repaid by the Senior Citizen borrower within this three day period. However, interest for the period may be waived at the discretion of the PLI.

12. Loan Disbursement by Lender to Borrower:

The PLI will pay all loan proceeds directly to the borrower, except in cases pertaining to, payments to contractor(s) for the repairs of borrower’s property, or payment of property taxes or hazard insurance premiums from the borrower’s account set aside for the purpose.

Periodicity: The loan will be extended as regular monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or annual periodic cash advances or as a line of credit to be drawn down in time of need or in lumpsum.

The PLI will have the discretion to decide the mode of payment of the loan including fixation of loan tenor, depending on the state and market value of the property, age of the borrower and other factors. The rationale behind the decision of mode of payment and fixation of the loan tenor shall be clearly disclosed to the borrowers.

13. Closing:

The PLIs will provide in writing, a fair and complete package of reverse mortgage loan material and specimen documents, covering inter-alia, the benefits and obligations of the product.

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