Issues: Cities are the hub for economic productivity and prosperity. With the advancement in technology, urbanisation and growth of transportation, economic output increases globally, widespread of poverty and social distress (overcrowding, lack of sanitation and much more).  In the present scenario, cities are achieving remarkable sizes – putting a lot of strains on the natural resources, overexploitation of resources. Alongside rapid urbanisation come environmental health hazards like air and water pollution, natural disasters, inadequate waste disposal which leads to infectious diseases.

Background: The fast pace of urbanisation leads to overcrowding, puts a great challenge for local government to provide safe housing, drinking water and sewage facilities. The poor housing condition, lack of sanitation, air and water pollution further increase the breeding ground for infectious vectors which ultimately threat to human physical or mental health. Unsustainable development of megacities arises these assorted varieties of issues, from absence of access to clean drinking water, to air contamination, to poor infrastructure, congested road, poor public transport, to global climatic change.

Current Status: In recent years, cities have developed surprisingly, and the UN predicts there will be around 40 megacities by 2030 lodging some 9% of the worldwide populace. In the current scenario, cities are the home for 55% of the world’s population, and by 2050 it raises to 68%. In both the developed and developing nations, megacities are focuses of advancement, venture, and are crucial for monetary development. (UN Habitat). Rapid urbanisation increases the population of cities from 18% in 1978 to 52% in 2012. At present on the globe there are 31 megacities and more will emerge in the future which is more detrimental to environmental and human health and if nothing is done towards sustainable development, then dawn of the planet is very near.

 Key Consideration: The rising future of megacities is unpromising because of unsustainable imbalances between demography, ecology, society, institution and economy. With the rapid demographic growth, economic expansion and environmental footprint, public institutions are not able to manage all effectively. To address the negative impacts rapid formation of the mega cities, policy makers needs to address few key issues that is: By 2050 more than 66% of the total populace is anticipated to live in urban regions. This quick increment will happen chiefly in developing nations. Africa and Asia—both still less urbanized—will have the quickest urban development rates. Africa's urban populace is anticipated to hop from 40 percent today to 56 percent by 2050, and Asia's from 48 percent to 64 percent.  To suit this fast development in urban dwelling, specialists gauge that US$57 trillion is required for infrastructure alone by 2030. More than 1 billion individuals live in lodging that is beneath least norms of comfort and sanitation, and new houses should be worked for 3 billion individuals by 2030.

Local and national governments need to be strategic in order to manage the full range of opportunities and challenges presented by quick formation of mega cities. This should be possible by defining a national urbanization methodology as an initial step to recognize urban advancement needs, shape plans and better arrange activities by everyone involved, including the private segment.

As urban areas develop, governments should consider quickly developing requests for open administrations and foundation. For instance, right around 700 million urban slums don’t have satisfactory sanitation, which, alongside the scarcity of safe drinking water, raises the danger of transmittable infections, especially among youngsters. Furthermore, urbanization makes salary and opportunity inconsistencies, among rural and urban zones as well as among socioeconomic in urban communities.

Options:

●   Recognizing the association of the environmental and urban plans

●  Stressing the interconnection of local and worldwide ecological plans and environmental change as an urban issue

●  Rethinking the worldview of feasible advancement to underline "just sustainability’s"

●Tending to the multiscale aspects of ecological difficulties, including numerous partners and interdisciplinary research

● Perceiving the advancement capability of the different partners in urban administration, including business, common society and the populace; and

● Using participatory intending to standard the privilege to the city and to create and implement effective ecological projects.

Conclusion: The world has turned out to be dominatingly urban however this is no motivation to ignore our natural environment – an incredible opposite. An ever-increasing number of people move to the city, in the process changing urban spaces – together with our common condition. It is for governments worldwide to guarantee that when "making space" for urbanization they address the issues of the difficult elements driving both human progression and the natural environment that gives it essential sustenance.