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The Numbers Classes
Working with numbers can be a large part of application programming. Follow this tutorial to get familiar with the Numbers classes, and how to work with numbers in your applications.
When working with numbers, most of the time you use the primitive types in your code. For example:There are, however, reasons to use objects in place of primitives, and the Java platform provides wrapper classes for each of the primitive data types. These classes "wrap" the primitive in an object. Often, the wrapping is done by the compiler—if you use a primitive where an object is expected, the compiler boxes the primitive in its wrapper class for you. Similarly, if you use a number object when a primitive is expected, the compiler unboxes the object for you.int i = 500; float gpa = 3.65f; byte mask = 0xff;Here is an example of boxing and unboxing:
WhenInteger x, y; x = 12; y = 15; System.out.println(x+y);x
andy
are assigned integer values, the compiler boxes the integers becausex
andy
are integer objects. In theprintln()
statement,x
andy
are unboxed so that they can be added as integers.All of the numeric wrapper classes are subclasses of the abstract class
Number
: There are three reasons that you might use a
Note: There are four other subclasses ofNumber
that are not discussed here.BigDecimal
andBigInteger
are used for high-precision calculations.AtomicInteger
andAtomicLong
are used for multi-threaded applications.
Number
object rather than a primitive:
- As an argument of a method that expects an object (often used when manipulating collections of numbers).
- To use constants defined by the class, such as
MIN_VALUE
andMAX_VALUE
, that provide the upper and lower bounds of the data type.- To use class methods for converting values to and from other primitive types, for converting to and from strings, and for converting between number systems (decimal, octal, hexadecimal, binary).
The following table lists the instance methods that all the subclasses of the
Number
class implement.
Methods Implemented by all Subclasses of Number Method Description byte byteValue()
short shortValue()
int intValue()
long longValue()
float floatValue()
double doubleValue()
Converts the value of this Number
object to the primitive data type returned.int compareTo(Byte anotherByte)
int compareTo(Double anotherDouble)
int compareTo(Float anotherFloat)
int compareTo(Integer anotherInteger)
int compareTo(Long anotherLong)
int compareTo(Short anotherShort)Compares this Number
object to the argument.boolean equals(Object obj)
Determines whether this number object is equal to the argument.
The methods returntrue
if the argument is notnull
and is an object of the same type and with the same numeric value.
There are some extra requirements forDouble
andFloat
objects that are described in the Java API documentation.Each
Number
class contains other methods that are useful for converting numbers to and from strings and for converting between number systems. The following table lists these methods in theInteger
class. Methods for the otherNumber
subclasses are similar:
Conversion Methods, Integer
ClassMethod Description static Integer decode(String s)
Decodes a string into an integer. Can accept string representations of decimal, octal, or hexadecimal numbers as input. static int parseInt(String s)
Returns an integer (decimal only). static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
Returns an integer, given a string representation of decimal, binary, octal, or hexadecimal ( radix
equals 10, 2, 8, or 16 respectively) numbers as input.String toString()
Returns a String
object representing the value of thisInteger
.static String toString(int i)
Returns a String
object representing the specified integer.static Integer valueOf(int i)
Returns an Integer
object holding the value of the specified primitive.static Integer valueOf(String s)
Returns an Integer
object holding the value of the specified string representation.static Integer valueOf(String s, int radix)
Returns an Integer
object holding the integer value of the specified string representation, parsed with the value of radix. For example, if s = "333" and radix = 8, the method returns the base-ten integer equivalent of the octal number 333.
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