Essence of Malayalam Literature!
Malayalam Language
The term ‘Malayalam’ as referring to the language of Kerala is of comparatively recent origin. To begin with, it denoted the land itself. It is probable that the term is the resultant of a combination of two words, mala Meaning Mountain and alam meaning the land or locality (which lies along side the mountain).
Subsequently
the synonyms Malayanma and Malayayma came into being as denoting the
language of the Malayalam county and finally the name of the land
itself was taken over as the name of its language.
Evidently
Malayalam belongs to the Dravidian family of languages, but there is
considerable difference of opinion about the exact nature of its
relationship with the other languages of the stock, with Tamil in
particular towards which it bears the closest affinity. Quite a few
scholars are of the opinion that Malayalam is but an offshoot of Tamil,
or rather, a daughter. This view, first held by Bishop Caldwell, has
since been elaborated and substantiated by a well-known grammarian of
Kerala, A.R.Raja Raja Varma. The intimacy that subsisted between the
two languages all through the centuries, the identity that the grammars
and vocabularies of both the languages evince, and the old practice of
using the term ‘Tamil’ as a synonym for Malayalam have all lent
considerable support to this theory. But in the light of the increasing
application of scientific methodologies in the assessment of affinities
between languages and the comparative studies since carried out in
respect of the two languages, this theory would seem to require further
examination.
Malayalam
is classified as a South Dravidian language. It is the official
language of Kerala. About 31.8 million people consider Malayalam as
their mother tongue. Possessing an independent written script, it also
has a rich modern literature. There are at least five main regional
dialects of Malayalam and a number of communal dialects. It belongs to
the Dravidian family. Many words have been borrowed from Sanskrit.
There are 37 consonants and 16 vowels in the script. Malayalam has a
written traditional dating back from the late 9th century and the
earliest work dates from 13th century. The script used is called
Kolezhethu (Rod-script), which is derived from ancient Grandha Script.
Malayalam differs from other Dravidian language as the absence of
personal endings on verbs. It has a one to one correspondence with the
Indo Aryan Devanagari syllabarry.
Introduction Culturally, Kerala presents a pageant not found anywhere
else in India. The famous pantomime dance-drama, Kathakali, the Sopana
style of music, the contributions of Swathi Thirunal and Raja Ravi
Varma in the realms of music and painting respectively are some of
Kerala’s unique contributions, which have enriched the cultural
heritage of India. Kerala’s folk music, though not refined, is rich
with a rugged beauty that is really genuine, with its rhyme and rhythm.
These are mostly devotional in nature, like the Sarpapattu,
Bhadrakalipattu, Ayyappanpattu etc. The Thullalpattu demands the skill
and artistry of a professional. Among the instrumental performances,
Thayampaka, Panchavadyam and Kelikottu deserve special mention. The
chenda, and chengala are some of the typical percussion instruments of
Kerala. Although Carnatic music is in vogue in Kerala as the classical
music, Kerala appears to have evolved a somewhat distinctive style of
singing known as the sopana style. It is believed that this style
derived its name from the sopana or flight of steps leading to the
sreekovil (sanctum sanctorum) the place for the ritual singing of
Ashtapadi. Kathakali has adopted this style of singing which is low in
tempo and emotional in content. Kerala has produced great masters in
the realm of music. The greatest composer is Swathi Thirunal, the
Maharaja of Travancore (early 19th century) who left a rich legacy of
songs in six languages-Sanskrit, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and
Hindi. They represent the finest flowering of the Carnatic tradition in
Kerala. Irayimman Thampi, a contemporary of Swathi Thirunal, was
another great composer Kerala has produced. The greatest musician in
Kerala history, Shadkala Govinda Marar, who lived during the days of
Swathi Thirunal, was a wonderful genius who elicited admiration even
from the great Thyagaraja. The dance forms of Kerala can roughly be
divided into five categories, viz; tribal dances, folk dances,
classical dances, neo-classical dances and modern dances.
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